### Global Natural Gas Pricing Dynamics: Russian Gas Prices Reflect International Benchmarks
Natural gas pricing, including gas of Russian origin, is formed based on current global gas and oil prices.
There are two primary international gas pricing hubs:
1. **Henry Hub (United States)**:
- Current price: Adjusted to $2.9 per million BTU (British Thermal Units) on Wednesday.
2. **TTF (Europe)**:
- Current price: Increased to $875 per 1,000 cubic meters on Wednesday.
#### **Henry Hub - American Gas**
Henry Hub is a gas distribution hub located in Louisiana, USA. It serves as the benchmark for natural gas prices in the United States, traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The unit of measurement is British Thermal Units (BTU). To convert the price to 1,000 cubic meters, a conversion factor of 35.8 is used. It is important to note that this price reflects the raw cost of gas without accounting for liquefaction, transportation, and regasification costs. Consequently, end consumers in the U.S. pay significantly more for natural gas.
#### **TTF - European Gas**
TTF stands for Title Transfer Facility, a virtual gas trading platform in Europe. It is the main benchmark for gas prices in the European market.
Global gas pricing mechanisms are diverse and include:
- **Exchange trading** (competitive pricing, such as on TTF in Europe)
- **Oil-indexed pricing** (linking gas prices to oil prices)
- **Regulated prices** and **direct contracts**, where prices are determined by the balance of supply and demand, influenced by global benchmarks, including gas, oil, and coal prices.
Russian gas prices, particularly for export markets, have traditionally been heavily dependent on oil-indexed pricing but are now increasingly influenced by spot markets and competitive mechanisms, although the link to energy prices remains.
This analysis was provided by Alexey Grishchenko, Doctor of Economics, Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Higher School of Management at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.