Most Liquid Corporate Bonds Traded on Moscow Exchange Listed Below

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Below is a list of the most liquid corporate bonds traded on the Moscow Exchange:

- Polus PBO-04 bond (ISIN code - RU000A108L81) -0.4%;

- Borets Capital 001P-05 bond (ISIN code - RU000A10EK71) +0.7%;

- AFK Sistema Series 14 bond (ISIN code - RU000A101XN7) +0.7%.

In Russia, a rating scale is used for bonds.

Bonds rated "AAA" are the most reliable. These are usually large systemically important companies, often with state participation.

Bonds rated from "A-" to "AA+" are reliable securities. Pension funds and other institutional investors invest in them.

Bonds rated from "BBB-" to "BBB+" are a transitional category. These may be reliable companies that are sensitive to adverse market and economic events (for example, an increase in the key interest rate).

Bonds rated from "B-" to "BB+" are high-yield issuers (HY). Risks are high, as is the yield. This can be small or medium-sized businesses operating in a risky sector.

Bonds rated "CCC" or "D" are on the brink of default. The risks for these securities are maximum.

This overview was presented by Alexey Grishchenko, Doctor of Economics, Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.