### Russian Stock Exchange: Most Liquid Corporate Bonds Overview
The most liquid corporate bonds traded on the Moscow Exchange are as follows:
- **Russian Agricultural Bank (RSKH)** bond series BO-02-002R (ISIN: RU000A1068R1) +0.1%
- **Polyus** bond series PBO-04 (ISIN: RU000A108L81) -1%
- **Borets Capital** bond series 001P-05 (ISIN: RU000A10EK71) -0.1%
- **AFK Sistema** bond series 14 (ISIN: RU000A101XN7) -0.2%
In Russia, a credit rating scale is used to assess the reliability of bonds:
- **AAA bonds**: The most reliable, issued by large systemically important companies, often with state participation.
- **A- to AA+ bonds**: Reliable securities, favored by pension funds and institutional investors.
- **BBB+ to BBB+ bonds**: Transitional category, issued by companies that may be sensitive to adverse market conditions (e.g., rising interest rates).
- **B+ to BB+ bonds**: High-yield securities (HY), associated with higher risks and higher returns, typically issued by small and medium-sized businesses in riskier sectors.
- **CCC and D bonds**: On the brink of default, with maximum risk.
This overview was prepared by Alexey Grishchenko, Ph.D., Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Faculty of Higher School of Management at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.