### Most Liquid Corporate Bonds Traded on Moscow Exchange
Below is a list of the most liquid corporate bonds traded on the Moscow Exchange:
- RSXB (ISIN code - RU000A1068R1) -0.1%
- Polyus PBO-04 (ISIN code - RU000A108L81) +0.1%
- Borets Capital 1R-01 (ISIN code - RU000A105ZX2) +0.1%
- AFK Sistema Series 14 (ISIN code - RU000A101XN7) +0.1%
It is important to note that all corporate bonds have a credit rating. In Russia, a national rating scale is used. The highest rating is "AAA", the lowest is "C", and there is also a "D" rating, which indicates an actual default. The higher the rating, the more reliable the issuer and, as a rule, the lower the yield on its bonds.
- **"AAA"** – These are the most reliable bonds. They are usually issued by large systemically important companies, often with state participation.
- **"A-" to "AA+"** – These are reliable bonds. They are invested in by pension funds and other institutional investors.
- **"BBB-" to "BBB+"** – These are transitional category bonds. They may be issued by reliable companies that are sensitive to adverse market and economic events (e.g., an increase in the key interest rate).
- **"B-" to "BB+"** – These are high-yield bonds (HYB). The risks are high, as is the yield. They may be issued by small and medium-sized businesses operating in risky sectors.
- **"CCC" and "D"** – These bonds are on the brink of default. The risks associated with them are the highest.
This overview was presented by Alexey Grishchenko, Ph.D., Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.