### Liquid Corporate Bonds Traded on Thursday at Moscow Exchange
Below is a list of liquid corporate bonds traded on Thursday at the Moscow Exchange:
- Polyus bond PBO-04 (ISIN code: RU000A108L81) +0.5%
- Borets Capital bond 001P-05 (ISIN code: RU000A10EK71) +0.3%
- AFK Sistema bond Series 14 (ISIN code: RU000A101XN7) +0.1%
It is important to note that all corporate bonds have a credit rating. In Russia, the national rating scale is used. The highest rating is "AAA", and the lowest is "C", with an additional "D" level indicating an actual default. The higher the rating, the more reliable the issuer and, as a rule, the lower the yield on its bonds.
- **"AAA"** – These are the most reliable bonds, issued by large systemically important companies, often with state participation.
- **"A-" to "AA+"** – Reliable bonds, favored by pension funds and other institutional investors.
- **"BBB-" to "BBB+"** – Transitional category, including companies that may be sensitive to adverse market and economic events (e.g., an increase in the key interest rate).
- **"B-" to "BB+"** – High-yield issuers (HY). These carry higher risks and higher yields, often issued by small and medium-sized businesses operating in risky sectors.
- **"CCC" and "D"** – Bonds on the brink of default, carrying maximum risks.
This overview was prepared by Alexey Grishchenko, Ph.D., Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.