### Global Natural Gas Pricing Hubs: Henry Hub and TTF Gas
There are two major global benchmarks for natural gas pricing: Henry Hub in the United States and the Dutch TTF Gas hub in the European Union.
The price of natural gas, including Russian natural gas, is determined based on current global gas and oil prices.
1. **U.S. Market (Henry Hub)**:
- **Current Price**: Tuesday saw an increase to $2.7 per million BTU (British Thermal Units).
2. **European Market (TTF)**:
- **Current Price**: Adjusted to $670 per 1,000 cubic meters.
### Natural Gas in the U.S.
The benchmark price for natural gas in the U.S. is set at Henry Hub, a storage facility located in Louisiana.
### European Natural Gas
European gas trading primarily takes place at various European gas hubs, with the Dutch TTF Natural Gas hub being the largest. This Dutch exchange leads the European gas market due to its trading volume, which exceeds the internal needs of the Netherlands by more than 14 times. Approximately 20 trillion cubic meters of gas are traded annually on this platform.
It is important to note that gas pricing mechanisms around the world are diverse. They include:
- **Exchange trading** (competitive pricing, as seen on TTF in Europe),
- **Oil-indexed pricing** (linking gas prices to oil prices),
- **Regulated prices**, and
- **Direct contracts**, where prices are determined by the balance of supply and demand, influenced by global benchmarks including gas prices and the cost of alternative fuels (gas, oil, coal).
Russian gas prices, particularly for export markets, have traditionally been heavily influenced by oil-indexed pricing but are now more aligned with spot markets and competitive mechanisms, although the link to energy prices remains.
This overview was presented by Alexey Grishchenko, Doctor of Economics, Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.