### Global Natural Gas Price Benchmarks: Henry Hub and TTF
Two key international hubs influence natural gas prices: **Henry Hub** in the United States and the **Dutch TTF Gas hub**.
1. **American Market (Henry Hub)**:
- **Current Price**: Fell to $3.2 per million BTU (British Thermal Units) on Thursday.
2. **European Market (TTF)**:
- **Current Price**: Adjusted to $575 per 1,000 cubic meters.
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### **Henry Hub – American Natural Gas**
Henry Hub is a gas distribution hub located in Louisiana, USA. It serves as the benchmark for natural gas prices in the U.S., traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The unit of measurement is British Thermal Units (BTU). To convert the price to an equivalent of 1,000 cubic meters, a conversion factor of 35.8 is used. It is important to note that this price reflects only the raw material cost, excluding liquefaction, transportation, and regasification costs. Therefore, the final price paid by consumers in the U.S. is significantly higher.
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### **TTF – European Natural Gas**
TTF stands for **Title Transfer Facility**, which is a virtual trading platform for gas in Europe. It serves as the primary benchmark for gas prices across the continent.
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### **Pricing Mechanisms**
Gas pricing mechanisms worldwide are diverse and include:
- **Exchange trading** (competitive pricing, as seen on TTF in Europe)
- **Oil-indexed pricing** (linking gas prices to oil prices)
- **Regulated prices** and **direct contracts**, where prices are determined by supply and demand dynamics influencing global benchmarks, including gas prices and the cost of alternative fuels (gas, oil, coal).
Historically, Russian gas prices, particularly for export markets, have been heavily dependent on oil-indexed pricing. However, they are now increasingly influenced by spot markets and competitive mechanisms, although the link to energy prices remains.
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**Overview by Alexei Grishchenko**, Doctor of Economics, Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management, Faculty of Higher School of Management, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.