### Natural Gas Pricing Dynamics: Henry Hub and TTF Benchmarks
Natural gas prices, including those of Russian origin, are determined based on current global gas and oil prices.
There are two primary international benchmarks for natural gas pricing:
1. **Henry Hub (USA)**:
- Current price: Adjusted to $3.2 per million BTU (British Thermal Units) on Wednesday.
2. **TTF (Europe)**:
- Current price: Increased to $495 per 1,000 cubic meters on Wednesday.
#### **Henry Hub**:
Henry Hub is an American gas benchmark. It is a physical gas distribution hub located in Louisiana, which serves as the primary pricing benchmark for natural gas traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The unit of measurement is British Thermal Units (BTU). To convert the price to 1,000 cubic meters, a conversion factor of 35.8 is used. It is important to note that this price reflects the raw cost of the gas, excluding liquefaction, transportation, and regasification costs. Consequently, the final price paid by U.S. consumers is significantly higher.
#### **TTF**:
TTF stands for Title Transfer Facility, which is the main gas pricing benchmark in Europe. It is a virtual trading platform for gas.
#### **Pricing Mechanisms**:
Global gas pricing mechanisms are diverse and include:
- **Exchange-based trading**: Competitive pricing, as seen on TTF in Europe.
- **Oil-indexation**: Linking gas prices to oil prices.
- **Regulated prices**: Government-set prices.
- **Direct contracts**: Prices determined by supply and demand, influenced by global benchmarks such as gas, oil, and coal prices.
Russian gas prices, particularly for export markets, have traditionally been heavily influenced by oil-indexation but are now more aligned with spot markets and competitive mechanisms, although the link to energy prices remains.
This analysis was provided by Alexey Grishchenko, Ph.D., Professor of Operations and Industry Management at the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.