### Natural Gas Pricing Dynamics: US and European Benchmarks
The pricing of natural gas, including that of Russian origin, is influenced by current global gas and oil prices.
There are two primary international benchmarks for natural gas pricing:
1. **Henry Hub (USA)**
- Current price: Adjusted to $2.8 per million BTU (British Thermal Units) on Wednesday.
2. **TTF (Europe)**
- Current price: Increased to $557 per 1,000 cubic meters on Wednesday.
#### Henry Hub:
Henry Hub is a physical hub located in Louisiana, USA, serving as the benchmark for natural gas prices in the US. It is traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The price is measured in BTUs. To convert the price to 1,000 cubic meters, a conversion factor of 35.8 is used. This price reflects the raw cost of gas without accounting for liquefaction, transportation, and regasification costs. Therefore, end consumers in the US pay significantly more.
#### TTF:
TTF stands for Title Transfer Facility, a virtual trading platform for gas in Europe. It is the main benchmark for gas prices in Europe.
### Pricing Mechanisms:
Global gas pricing mechanisms are diverse, including:
- **Exchange trading** (competitive pricing, as seen on TTF in Europe)
- **Oil-indexed pricing** (linking gas prices to oil prices)
- **Regulated prices** and **direct contracts**, where prices are determined by supply and demand, influencing global benchmarks such as gas, oil, and coal prices.
Russian gas prices, particularly for export markets, have historically been heavily linked to oil prices but are now more influenced by spot markets and competitive mechanisms, although the correlation with energy prices remains.
**Analysis by Alexey Grishchenko**, Ph.D., Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management, Higher School of Management, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.