### Liquid Corporate Bonds Traded on Moscow Exchange
Below is a list of the most liquid corporate bonds traded on the Moscow Exchange:
- Russian Agricultural Bank (RSKH) Bond Series BO-02-002R (ISIN: RU000A1068R1) -0.1%
- Polyus Bond Series PBO-04 (ISIN: RU000A108L81) +0.2%
- Borets Capital Bond Series 1R-01 (ISIN: RU000A105ZX2) -0.2%
- AFK Sistema Bond Series 14 (ISIN: RU000A101XN7) +0.2%
In Russia, a national rating scale is used:
- **AAA bonds**: The most reliable bonds issued by large systemically important companies, often with state participation.
- **A- to AA+ bonds**: Reliable bonds typically invested in by pension funds and other institutional investors.
- **BBB+ to BBB+ bonds**: Transitional category, issued by companies that may be sensitive to adverse market or economic events (e.g., an increase in the key interest rate).
- **B+ to BB+ bonds**: High-yield issuers (HY), with high risks and high returns, often issued by small and medium-sized businesses operating in risky sectors.
- **CCC and D bonds**: On the brink of default, with maximum risks.
This overview was presented by Alexey Grishchenko, Ph.D., Professor at the Department of Operational and Sectoral Management of the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.