### Corporate Bonds Traded on Moscow Exchange
Below is a list of corporate bonds traded on the Moscow Exchange:
- **RSHB issue (BO-02-002R)** (ISIN code - RU000A1068R1) -0.1%
- **Polyus (PBO-04)** (ISIN code - RU000A108L81) +0.1%
- **Borets Capital (1P-01)** (ISIN code - RU000A105ZX2) +0.1%
- **AFK Sistema (Issue 14)** (ISIN code - RU000A101XN7) +0.4%
All corporate bonds have a credit rating, which helps investors quickly assess the creditworthiness of the issuer. In Russia, a national rating scale is used, with the highest rating being "AAA" and the lowest being "C". Additionally, there is a "D" rating, which indicates an actual default. The higher the rating, the more reliable the issuer, and typically, the lower the yield on its bonds.
- **AAA bonds** are the most reliable. These are large systemically important companies, often with state participation.
- **A- to AA+ bonds** are reliable securities. Pension funds and other institutional investors invest in these bonds.
- **BBB- to BBB+ bonds** are a transitional category. These may be reliable companies that are sensitive to adverse market or economic events (e.g., an increase in the key interest rate).
- **B+ to BB+ bonds** are high-yield issuers (HY). Risks are high, as is the yield. These can be small or medium-sized businesses operating in risky sectors.
- **CCC and D bonds** are on the brink of default. The risks for these bonds are maximum.
This overview was presented by Yulia Grishchenko, a member of the Expert Council on Listing at the Moscow Exchange, Ph.D. in Economics, Head of the Department of Financial and Investment Management at the Faculty of "Higher School of Management" of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.